Report reveals how global oil is fueling 'Israel’s' genocide on Gaza

• Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and the US supplied large quantities of oil to 'Israel' during its two-year Gaza offensive.
• Between November 2023 and October 2025, 25 countries shipped 21.2 million tonnes of crude and refined petroleum to 'Israel'.
• Experts warn that supplying fuel for military operations may constitute complicity in genocide under international law.

A new report from Oil Change International reveals that Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and the United States supplied vast amounts of oil to 'Israel' during its two-year offensive in Gaza.

The report, titled Behind the Barrel, was released at the UN climate summit (COP30) in Brazil.

According to the analysis conducted by research firm Data Desk, 25 countries were responsible for 323 shipments of crude and refined petroleum products, totaling 21.2 million tonnes between November 1, 2023, and October 1, 2025. Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan accounted for 70 percent of crude shipments, while the United States, Russia, and Greece were the largest suppliers of refined petroleum products. The US uniquely supplied JP-8 jet fuel, used in military aircraft.

"States risk becoming complicit in genocide under international law, under the Genocide Convention," warned Shady Khalil of Oil Change International. The report underscores that the same fossil fuel system driving climate change is also enabling military operations linked to mass civilian casualties in Gaza.

The Gaza genocide began in October 2023. 'Israel’s' campaign has killed more than 69,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza’s health ministry. While a ceasefire has largely halted active combat since October 10, 2025, sporadic violence continues.

A UN Commission has concluded that 'Israel' committed genocide in Gaza, and the International Court of Justice has ruled its continued presence in occupied Palestinian territory unlawful. Irene Pietropaoli, senior fellow at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, emphasized that states providing military assistance to 'Israel' could face legal responsibility for complicity in genocide.

Experts at a COP30 panel argued that it is irrelevant to separate fuel for civilian versus military purposes, calling it part of “one system of settler colonial occupation.” For instance, 'Israel’s' electricity grid, partially powered by coal, connects both 'Israel' and illegally occupied Palestinian lands.

Some countries have begun restricting fuel shipments to 'Israel'. In August 2024, Colombian President Gustavo Petro announced the suspension of coal exports to 'Israel'. Meanwhile, although Brazil officially stopped direct oil shipments in March 2024, local union leaders claim oil may have been rerouted via Italy.