US pledges $2 bn for UN aid, with 'adapt, shrink or die' warning

• Reduced US pledge, new funding model: Washington pledged an initial USD 2 billion for UN humanitarian aid in 2026, far below past levels, shifting funding through OCHA and warning agencies to “adapt, shrink or die.”
• Selective aid, ongoing reforms: Funds will go to 17 countries but exclude Yemen, Afghanistan and Gaza for now, as the US presses the UN to cut costs, boost accountability and overhaul the global aid system.

Washington on Monday pledged an initial USD 2 billion for United Nations humanitarian aid in 2026, far less than it has provided in recent years, warning UN agencies to "adapt, shrink or die".

With its pledge, announced at the US mission in Geneva alongside UN aid chief Tom Fletcher, the United States is pursuing a dramatic overhaul of how it funds UN humanitarian work.

Instead of handing funds to individual agencies, the United States will funnel its contributions through the UN aid agency OCHA, headed by Fletcher, which earlier this year launched a so-called Humanitarian Reset to improve efficiency and accountability.

The US funds, welcomed by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, will then be distributed to 17 selected countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, Myanmar, Sudan and Ukraine.

The UN's Central Emergency Response Fund, which provides swift aid as new emergencies erupt or when existing crises rapidly deteriorate, will also receive a tranche of money.

"It is an initial anchor commitment," Jeremy Lewin, the senior US official for foreign assistance, humanitarian affairs and religious freedom, told reporters.

"There are other countries that we will add, as we continue to get more funding into this mechanism."

Among the crises not listed were Yemen and Afghanistan, where Lewin stressed the need to "prevent diversion to the Taliban and other US-designated foreign terrorist organisations".

Gaza was also absent, but Lewin said there would be more focus on aid for the war-ravaged Palestinian territory as US President Donald Trump's truce plan with Israel moves forward.

'New model'

"This new model will better share the burden of UN humanitarian work with other developed countries and will require the UN to cut bloat, remove duplication, and commit to powerful new impact, accountability and oversight mechanisms," US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said on X.

Lewin challenged other countries to match or beat US funding for UN aid.

According to UN data, the United States remained the top humanitarian aid donor in the world in 2025, but that amount fell significantly to USD 2.7 billion, down from around USD 11 billion in 2023 and 2024, and from over USD 14 billion in 2022.

Other key donor countries have also been tightening their belts, triggering major upheaval in the global aid sector.

"Individual UN agencies will need to adapt, shrink, or die," a State Department statement said.

Fletcher, who is British, said the US pledge was an "extraordinary" commitment, while Guterres said it would help save lives.

"Every dollar counts, and we are committed to making the most of this support to deliver real results for people in desperate need," Guterres's spokesman, Stephane Dujarric, said in a statement.

Faster, smarter, closer

Fletcher said reform of the humanitarian system was in the pipeline, and US taxpayers would be able to see how their money was saving lives.

"We are making humanitarian action faster, smarter and closer to the people on the front lines of emergencies," he said.

When Fletcher launched the UN's annual Global Humanitarian Appeal for 2026 earlier this month, he requested USD 23 billion to help 87 million of the world's most vulnerable people, with a heavy focus on dire conflict situations like those in Gaza, Ukraine, Sudan, Haiti and Myanmar.

The amount and scope were dramatically reduced compared to recent years, as the UN strives to adapt to a new reality since Trump returned to the White House.

The UN has stressed that the smaller appeal does not mean needs have shrunk.

It estimates that some 240 million people in conflict zones, suffering from epidemics, or victims of natural disasters and climate change, need emergency aid.

In 2025, the UN's appeal for more than USD 45 billion was only funded to the USD 12 billion mark, the lowest in a decade.

That only allowed it to help 98 million people, 25 million fewer than the year before.