“France declared that the perpetrator of the Nice attack is not a Muslim.''

“French veiled women are exposed. Because of the violence of the police and forcing them to take off the veil.''

''French security forces storm mosques, terrifying those in them.''

These are just a few of the false claims about France according to the news, photos and false clips that invaded social networking sites in Arabic in recent weeks, following two attacks carried out by Islamists in Paris and Nice, and the positions of President Emmanuel Macron defending freedom of expression in publishing cartoons dealing with the Prophet Muhammad.

On October 29, a young Tunisian stormed a church in Nice, southeast France, and killed three people there, about two weeks after a Chechen refugee cut the head of teacher Samuel Patty in Paris for displaying cartoons of the Prophet in the context of a lesson on freedom of expression.

A short time after the attack in Nice, a video appeared on Arabic social media sites which was said to show a French judicial official confirming that the perpetrator of the attack had no connection with Islam, but the official was not talking about the bomber of the Nice attack Ibrahim Ouesawi, but rather recounting the facts of another incident that took place in the city of Avignon A disturbed man carrying a pistol threatened passers-by before police killed him.

The murder of Samuel Patty sparked a lot of misleading news, including a video that was said to show the moment the perpetrator was shot dead by the police, but in fact it shows an incident that occurred a year ago and has nothing to do with recent events.

Users shared a video that was said to show the funeral of the radical Chechen Islamist who carried out the attack, but the clip actually depicts the funeral of another Chechen who died in 2018 in a Russian prison in Siberia, where he was serving a 15-year prison sentence for killing an officer.

More than 1,400,000 views were garnered on a video of a French African Muslim girl who was said to rebuke Macron for his positions on the Prophet’s cartoons.

But the clip is, in fact, compounded from several scenes, including a video about a visit by Macron to a library where the girl saluted him, and she did not reprimand him, as the misleading voiceover claimed.

The tense sectarian debate in the region, which is sometimes witnessed by social networking sites, was reflected in the incorrect news spread around France. A video appeared that was said to depict Macron attributing words and deeds to the second caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab and the wife of the Prophet Aisha, saying that they are offensive to the Messenger of Islam, but the alleged translation of the clip has nothing to do with Macron's speech in which he spoke about the values of the French Republic, secularism and freedom of expression.

In contrast, comments were published praising the "wisdom" of other European leaders in comparison to Macron's positions. On Facebook and Twitter, an image was reported to Queen Elizabeth in praise of Islam, which was raised on the streets of Britain.

But the picture is composite , and the original banner contains a statement by the Queen about social distancing in light of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Also, users on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram shared a photo that was said to show German Chancellor Angela Merkel with veiled German Muslim women, to indicate that Merkel is more respectful of Islam in her country than Macron in France.

But the claim is wrong, as the photo shows Merkel in Saudi Arabia among Saudi businesswomen.

Users, especially in Egypt, circulated a video that they said shows President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi responding sharply to Macron.

It is true that El-Sisi expressed late last month his refusal to offend religious values, but the circulating video has nothing to do with that, but rather refers to a speech from 2019 in which he responded to a journalist's question about human rights in Egypt.

In Tunisia, news appeared on the communication sites that President Qais Saeed suddenly visited Nice to express his solidarity with the French people after the attack on the Church, but sources in the Tunisian presidency denied to France Press the authenticity of the news.

As for the popular reactions, demonstrations have already taken place in a number of countries in the Islamic world denouncing France. However, much of the media buzz is not true, such as a video that was said to depict Muslims "revolting" against Macron in France. The health investigation service found that it was filmed last August, and it shows acts of sabotage carried out by the fans of the Paris Saint-Germain team after its victory. In the Champions League semi-finals.

A video was also published that was said to be demonstrations under Macron's House, but was actually filmed ten months ago in Germany, during a demonstration protesting the suppression of Uyghur Muslims in China.

A video emerged of a huge crowd estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands, said to be a demonstration against France in Indonesia or Nigeria. But it turns out that the video actually filmed a celebration years ago for the birth of a Senegalese Sufi sheikh, who was well respected in his country and the neighborhood.

Many similar clips spread, including a clip that was said to be recent demonstrations in Occupied Jerusalem, but it turned out to be filmed in 2017. Another clip was said to be a demonstration in Turkey or Pakistan, but it turned out to be filmed in Yemen last year. A final clip was said to be of protests in Somalia, it turned out to be showing the burning of the German embassy in Sudan in 2012.

Another video appeared on social media which was said to depict attacks on veiled women in France, accompanied by the phrase "May God curse you, Macron," but the video is in fact composed of a set of video clips that have nothing to do with France.

In the same context, a video appeared that was said to show a French policeman removing the veil of a Muslim woman by force, but in fact the video depicts a Canadian policeman who used excessive force against a detainee who was not veiled in the first place, then was referred to the judiciary in Canada.

A video was circulated that was said to be filming the French police attacking a Muslim man, but the video was in fact filmed in Britain in 2019.

A video appeared, which its publishers said, depicted the French police storming a mosque in Paris after Macron spoke of Islamic extremism, but the video was in fact filmed three years ago , and it shows the French police evacuating a mosque in a municipal property its lease expired.