The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced on Wednesday, January 15. that 2019 was the Earth’s second-hottest since records began, and the world should brace itself for more extreme weather events like the bushfires ravaging much of Australia.

The Geneva-based WMO combined several datasets, including two from the U.S. space administration NASA and the UK Met Office.

Datasets showed that the average global temperature in 2019 was 1.1 degree Celsius (2.0 Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels, creeping towards a globally agreed limit after which major changes to life on Earth are expected.

WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas said, "Unfortunately, we expect to see much extreme weather throughout 2020 and the coming decades, fuelled by record levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere."

Australia had its hottest, driest year ever - a precursor to the bushfires.

Climate change is likely to have contributed to severe weather in 2019 such as a heatwave in Europe and the hurricane that killed at least 50 people when it barrelled through the Bahamas in September, scientists say.

Governments agreed at the 2015 Paris Accord to cap fossil fuel emissions enough to limit global warming to 1.5 Celsius (2.7 Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels - after which global warming is expected to be so severe that it will all wipe out the world’s coral reefs and most Arctic sea ice.

However, the WMO has previously said that much greater temperature rises — of 3-5 Celsius (5.4-9.0 Fahrenheit) — can be expected if nothing is done to stop the rise in harmful emissions, which hit a new record in 2018.

The United States — the world’s top historic greenhouse gas emitter and leading oil and gas producer — began the process of withdrawing from the Paris Agreement last year. U.S. President Donald Trump has cast doubt on mainstream climate science.

However, on a conference call with reporters on Wednesday, U.S. scientists said it was clear from the data that greenhouse gas emissions were warming the planet.

"We end up with an attribution of these trends to human activity pretty much at the 100% level.. All of the trends are effectively anthropogenic (man-made) at this point," said Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

The hottest year on record was 2016, when a recurring weather pattern called El Nino pushed the average surface temperature to 1.2 Celsius (2.2 Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels, the WMO said.

"In the future we easily can expect warmer El Ninos than the previous ones," said WMO scientist Omar Baddour. "We can raise a red flag now."